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Fakhri Pasha
Fakhri Pasha or Fahreddin Pasha (1868 – 22 November 1948), known as Ömer Fahrettin Türkkan after 1934, was the commander of the Ottoman army and governor of Medina from 1916 to 1919. He was nicknamed "''The Lion of the Desert''" and "''The Tiger of the Desert''"〔S. Tanvir Wasti
: (''The defence of Medina, 1916–19'' ), Middle Eastern Studies
Vol. 27, No. 4 (Oct., 1991), Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. pp. 642-653〕 by the British for his patriotism in Medina.〔(''Defence Of Medina'' ), İsmail Bilgin, ISBN 975-263-496-6, Timas Publishing Group.〕
==Early life==
He was born in Rusçuk (present day: Ruse) to mother Fatma Adile Hanım and father Mehmed Nahid Bey. Due to the Russo-Turkish War his family moved to Constantinople〔''The Encyclopædia Britannica'', Vol.7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, (1911), 3; ''Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire...''〕〔(Britannica, Istanbul ):''When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930.''〕 in 1878. He joined the War Academy and in 1888 graduated from it. His first posting was on the eastern border with Armenia in the Fourth Army. In 1908 he came to Constantinople and joined the First Regular Army. In 1911–12 he was sent to Libya and when the Balkan War broke out, he was the commander of the 31st Division stationed at Gallipoli. His unit snatched Adrianople (present day: Edirne) from Bulgaria and he entered into the city along with Enver Pasha.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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